La Cámara de Diputados de México ratifico la reforma que abre el sector energético a la inversión privada. Esta será turnada a los congresos estatales para su aval y posterior promulgación.
La reforma modifica los artículos 25, 27 y 28 de la Constitución mexicana, vinculados con el sector eléctrico y de hidrocarburos, y fija además 21 artículos transitorios para adecuar el marco jurídico de la iniciativa y para precisar disposiciones.
1- Fija el control y la planificación pública del sistema eléctrico, pero abre la puerta a particulares para que puedan participar en las actividades de la industria eléctrica.
2- En el tema de hidrocarburos, se abre la posibilidad de fijar contratos con empresas públicas y también con particulares. Pero deberá afirmarse en las asignaciones que los recursos en el subsuelo son propiedad de la Nación
3- Se crea el Fondo Mexicano del Petróleo para la Estabilización y el Desarrollo, que administrará y distribuirá los recursos obtenidos por los contratos que se hagan en materia energética.
4- La regulación quedará a cargo de la Comisión Nacional de Hidrocarburos y de la Comisión Reguladora de Energía.
5- Se mantiene el control gubernamental sobre la transmisión y distribución de electricidad.
En los artículos transitorios se señala que:
6- Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) y Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) se convierten en "empresas productivas del Estado", un cambio que quedará regulado posteriormente con leyes adicionales, con un plazo máximo de dos años.
7- La Secretaría de Energía se encargará de adjudicar a Pemex las áreas de explotación, inclusive las que está ya operando, y la
petrolera deberá acreditar "capacidades técnicas, financieras y de ejecución" necesarias para la explotación.
8- Pemex tiene un plazo de noventa días desde la entrada en vigor de la reforma para presentar las solicitudes de las áreas que se quiere reservar y la Secretaría de Energía emitirá su resolución en un plazo máximo de 180 días a partir de la presentación de la petrolera.
9- En el caso de Pemex, el consejo de administración estará integrado por cinco consejeros del Gobierno, incluido el secretario de Energía, quien lo presidirá, y otros cinco "consejeros independientes".
10- El sindicado petrolero, liderado por el también senador del gobernante Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) Carlos Romero Deschamps, sale del consejo de administración de Pemex.
México es el décimo mayor productor mundial de crudo, según
datos de la OPEP; la producción se ha reducido en una cuarta parte desde que alcanzó un máximo de 3.4 millones de barriles por día (bpd) en 2004. Actualmente ronda los 2.5 millones de bpd.
Las reservas probadas de hidrocarburos ascienden a 13,868 millones de barriles de petróleo crudo equivalente, de las cuales un 73% corresponde a crudo, un 10% a condensados y líquidos y un 17% a gas seco.
Los mayores volúmenes de reservas probadas de crudo en México, un 69% están en campos marinos.
Fuente: CNN Expansión con información de Reuters y EFE.
http://presidencia.gob.mx/
Energy Reform: 10 Key points
Mexico's Chamber of Deputies approved the reform opening the energy sector to private investment. It will be turned over to the state legislatures for endorsement and subsequent enactment.
The reform amends Articles 25, 27 and 28 of the Constitution, linked to the electricity and hydrocarbon sectors, plus 21 transitory articles to adapt the legal framework to clarify provisions.
1 - Sets the control and planning of public power system, but opens the door to individuals to enable them to participate in the activities of the electricity industry.
2 - On Oil, the possibility of establishing contracts with public and with private companies. But it must be stated in the assignments that, subsurface resources are owned by the Nation.
3 - The Mexican Petroleum Fund for Stabilization and Development to administer and distribute the proceeds from contracts that are made in the energy field, is created.
4 - The regulation will be the responsibility of the National Hydrocarbons Commission and the Energy Regulatory Commission.
5 - A government control over the transmission and distribution of electricity is maintained.
In the transitory articles states:
6 - Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) and Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) become "productive state enterprises", a change that will be covered later with additional laws, with a maximum of two years.
7 - The Ministry of Energy is responsible for awarding Pemex exploration areas, including those that are already operating, and must demonstrate "technical and financial capabilities" necessary for the operation.
8 - Pemex has a period of ninety days from the entry into force of the reform, for applications in the areas you want to book and the Secretary of Energy shall issue its decision within a maximum period of 180 days from the filing.
9 - In the case of Pemex, the board shall consist of five members of the Government, including the Energy Secretary, who will preside, and five "independent board members".
10 - The oil syndicate, led by senator of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Carlos Romero Deschamps, leaves the board of directors of Pemex.
Mexico is the tenth largest producer of crude oil, according to OPEC, production has fallen by a quarter since peaking at 3.4 million barrels per day (bpd) in 2004. Currently around 2.5 million bpd.
Proved hydrocarbon reserves totaled 13.868 million barrels of oil equivalent, of which 73% is crude oil, condensate and 10% to 17% liquid and dry gas.
The largest volumes of proven oil reserves in Mexico, 69% are in offshore fields.
Energy Reform: 10 Key points
Mexico's Chamber of Deputies approved the reform opening the energy sector to private investment. It will be turned over to the state legislatures for endorsement and subsequent enactment.
The reform amends Articles 25, 27 and 28 of the Constitution, linked to the electricity and hydrocarbon sectors, plus 21 transitory articles to adapt the legal framework to clarify provisions.
1 - Sets the control and planning of public power system, but opens the door to individuals to enable them to participate in the activities of the electricity industry.
2 - On Oil, the possibility of establishing contracts with public and with private companies. But it must be stated in the assignments that, subsurface resources are owned by the Nation.
3 - The Mexican Petroleum Fund for Stabilization and Development to administer and distribute the proceeds from contracts that are made in the energy field, is created.
4 - The regulation will be the responsibility of the National Hydrocarbons Commission and the Energy Regulatory Commission.
5 - A government control over the transmission and distribution of electricity is maintained.
In the transitory articles states:
6 - Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) and Petróleos Mexicanos (Pemex) become "productive state enterprises", a change that will be covered later with additional laws, with a maximum of two years.
7 - The Ministry of Energy is responsible for awarding Pemex exploration areas, including those that are already operating, and must demonstrate "technical and financial capabilities" necessary for the operation.
8 - Pemex has a period of ninety days from the entry into force of the reform, for applications in the areas you want to book and the Secretary of Energy shall issue its decision within a maximum period of 180 days from the filing.
9 - In the case of Pemex, the board shall consist of five members of the Government, including the Energy Secretary, who will preside, and five "independent board members".
10 - The oil syndicate, led by senator of the ruling Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Carlos Romero Deschamps, leaves the board of directors of Pemex.
Mexico is the tenth largest producer of crude oil, according to OPEC, production has fallen by a quarter since peaking at 3.4 million barrels per day (bpd) in 2004. Currently around 2.5 million bpd.
Proved hydrocarbon reserves totaled 13.868 million barrels of oil equivalent, of which 73% is crude oil, condensate and 10% to 17% liquid and dry gas.
The largest volumes of proven oil reserves in Mexico, 69% are in offshore fields.
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